Ubuntu users guide recovery

Материал из NNLUG Wiki

Содержание 1 Режим восстановления 1.1 How to gain root user access without login 1.2 How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access 1.3 How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access 1.4 How to change root user/main user password if forgotten 1.5 How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten 1.6 How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation 1.7 How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu 1.8 How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine

Режим восстановления

How to gain root user access without login

• Read #General Notes
• Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
  • Boot-up computer
  • If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
  • Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)

• • Press 'Enter' to boot
• Other methods
  • Read #How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access
  • Read #How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access

How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access

• Read #General Notes
• Boot-up computer
• If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
• If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
• Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386

• Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
• Select

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash

• Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
• Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments

grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash

• Press 'b' to boot

How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access

• Read #General Notes
• Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
• At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument

boot: rescue

• Follow the instructions on screen

How to change root user/main user password if forgotten

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to gain root user access without login
• To change root user password

# passwd root

• To change main user password

# passwd system_main_username

How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten

• Read #General Notes

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

• Find this line

...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...

• Replace with the following line

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

• Save the edited file

How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition

# grub-install /dev/hda

How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to list partition tables

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

• Append the following lines at the end of file

title		Microsoft Windows
root		(hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1

• Save the edited file

How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine

• Read #General Notes
• Download Explore2fs: Here

OR

• See www.fs-driver.org